Microsoft Windows

Quick commands

Add Microsoft Entra ID user to local group

Administrators

$UPN = "<yourupn>"
Add-LocalGroupMember -SID 'S-1-5-32-544' -Member "AzureAD\$UPN+

Remote Desktop Users

$UPN = "<yourupn>"
Add-LocalGroupMember -SID "S-1-5-32-555" -Member "AzureAD\$UPN"

KMS

Write KMS Server

Invoke-Expression "$env:windir\system32\cscript.exe $env:windir\system32\slmgr.vbs /skms kms.core.windows.net:1688"

Read system information

Get serial number by cmd

wmic bios get serialnumber

Read user information

Get AD group membership of user

This works on both AD joined and Microsoft Entra ID joined devices.

(New-Object System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher("(&(objectCategory=User)(samAccountName=$($env:username)))")).FindOne().GetDirectoryEntry().memberOf

Set NTP Server

This command sets the NTP server on a Windows. Multiple servers can be specified with spaces.

w32tm /config /manualpeerlist:"<ntpserverlist>" /syncfromflags:manual /reliable:yes /update

 

Redirect Windows folder to OneDrive via PowerShell

This PowerShell script is only usable for Windows

Use case

The following script lets you redirect the main folders of your Windows Explorer. This will ensure that all files and data are stored in the OneDrive storage solution managed by the company.

The only thing that needs to be manipulated is the "$CompanyName" variable, which requires the name of the company configured in Microsoft 365.

Script Code

This code must run on the computer in the context of the user.

$CompanyName = "LNC Freelancing"

$OneDrivePath = "$env:USERPROFILE\OneDrive - $CompanyName"

# Create New Folder
New-Item "$OneDrivePath\Desktop" -Type Directory -Force
New-Item "$OneDrivePath\Dokumente" -Type Directory -Force
New-Item "$OneDrivePath\Bilder" -Type Directory -Force
New-Item "$OneDrivePath\Videos" -Type Directory -Force
New-Item "$OneDrivePath\Musik" -Type Directory -Force

# Redirect the Desktop folder
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User Shell Folders" -Name "{B4BFCC3A-DB2C-424C-B029-7FE99A87C641}" -Value "$OneDrivePath\Desktop" -PropertyType "ExpandString" -Force

# Redirect the Documents folder
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User Shell Folders" -Name "{FDD39AD0-238F-46AF-ADB4-6C85480369C7}" -Value "$OneDrivePath\Dokumente" -PropertyType "ExpandString" -Force

# Redirect the Pictures folder
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User Shell Folders" -Name "{33E28130-4E1E-4676-835A-98395C3BC3BB}" -Value "$OneDrivePath\Bilder" -PropertyType "ExpandString" -Force

# Redirect the Videos folder
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User Shell Folders" -Name "{18989B1D-99B5-455B-841C-AB7C74E4DDFC}" -Value "$OneDrivePath\Videos" -PropertyType "ExpandString" -Force

# Redirect the Music folder
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User Shell Folders" -Name "{4BD8D571-6D19-48D3-BE97-422220080E43}" -Value "$OneDrivePath\Musik" -PropertyType "ExpandString" -Force

 

Advanced registry tweaks

Enable verbose status messages

Configure Windows so that you receive verbose startup, shutdown, logon, and logoff status messages. Verbose status messages may be helpful when you're troubleshooting slow startup, shutdown, logon, or logoff behavior.

Path

Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System

DWORD Key

verbosestatus = 1

Workaround for problems with local permission groups and cached Entra ID users

Problem description

Microsoft has a bug with local permission groups (e.g. Administrators & Remote Desktop Users) on Windows 10 & 11. If you use Microsoft Entra ID user objects to grant permissions onto Microsoft Entra ID joined devices you can do this either directly (as described here: Quick commands (Windows) | LNC DOCS (lucanoahcaprez.ch)) or using Microsoft Entra ID groups.

When using these groups you only see the SID of the group and their users are cached locally at the moment the group is added to the device. If you subsequently fill Microsoft Entra ID users into the Microsoft Entra ID groups, exactly this bug will occur. Then the new user entity will have no permissions. There is this workaround for this.

Force user object sync

The basic idea is that the user logs in once with normal authorizations and thus triggers user synchronization on the device. One solution is for the user to log in to the device normally.

If this is not possible, for example because you are connected to a customer or the permissions are used for support purposes, the following can be done:

1. Open the file location of any program:

image.png

2. Run executable using the credential of the Microsoft Entra ID user account with the problems. Select "Run as different user".

image.png

3. Enter the UPN and password from the affected user account.

4. Check if the program is in the context of the appropriate user. For the example of "cmd" enter this and confirm the correct username:

whoami

5. Close window and now the permissions are synced correctly. You can now continue with the work that caused the problem in the first place.

Upgrade Windows Home to Pro in OOBE

It is possible that Windows Home devices have been purchased or are available. As these cannot be set up using Intune or require the Pro version for a managed state, these instructions can be carried out for an upgrade.
The Pro version of Windows does not have to be copied to the internal disk via a USB stick, but can be modified from the existing Windows version, which saves time and effort.

Important: The license for WIndows Pro must of course also be available. Here only the WIndows is switched to Pro but not licensed.

Check Windows Version

To make sure you have the right version, there is the "winver" tool. Here you can check the installed version relatively easily.

The program is available in OOBE mode (Out of the box experience) but also on a pre-installed windows.

Regular Installation

  1. Open CMD or WIN + R
  2. Type "winver"

OOBE

  1. Open CMD window with "SHIFT" + "F10". 
  2. Type "winver".
  3. If the Version sais "Windows Home" you should work through the Guide.

image.png

Guide

  1. Open CMD window with "SHIFT" + "F10". 
  2. Run the following commands in this order:
slmgr.vbs
DISM /online /Get-TargetEditions
sc config LicenseManager start= auto & net start LicenseManager
sc config wuauserv start= auto & net start wuauserv
changepk.exe /productkey VK7JG-NPHTM-C97JM-9MPGT-3V66T

The device will reboot after running the fifth command.

Make sure to check the Windows version afterwards using the same tools as above.